Abstract

The article presents the results of studies on the problem of the content of somatic cells in cow's milk. It is shown that with an increase in the number of somatic cells, the composition of milk and its physicochemical properties change. These changes, in turn, lead to a deterioration in its technological properties, a decrease in the quality characteristics of milk and finished products. The quality of milk depends on many factors and is determined by many indicators separately identified in the standard. One of the main and important indicators is the number of somatic cells - cells of various tissues and organs. The number of somatic cells depends on a number of factors, such as the age of the cow, breed, physiological state of the animal, periods of lactation, breast diseases of various etiologies. Inside the udder there is a constant renewal of epithelial tissue cells, old cells die and are rejected. Milk, even from a healthy cow, always contains somatic cells that have been shed from the secretor part of the udder. In particular, these are cells of cylindrical, squamous and cubic epithelium of the mammary gland, leukocytes, erythrocytes. The physiological norm for the content of somatic cells in milk is from 100 to 500 thousand/cm3. Milk with an admixture of colostrums, as well as obtained from cows in the last 7 days of lactation (old-milk), with a subclinical form of mastitis or with other disorders of the animal's body is considered abnormal, in which the content of somatic cells increases by more than 500 thousand / cm3. The content of somatic cells up to 90 thousand / cm3 is not the norm, rather it is an indicator of the falsification of raw milk - the milk is diluted, pasteurized, sterilized. It should be noted that somatic cells, unlike bacteria, do not multiply in milked milk. A high number of somatic cells is a signal of the presence of sick animals in the herd, therefore, urgent measures must be taken. By controlling this parameter, the dairy farm can start treatment quickly and thus avoid deterioration in milk quality. Therefore, the determination of the number of somatic cells in milk is mandatory and very important in assessing the quality of milk for food safety. The results of the scientific and production experience carried out in the farm "Suyunov Jura Bobo", Ishtikhan district of Samarkand region are shown.